A UAB physician shares insights on the causes, symptoms and treatment options for low testosterone in men.Testosterone plays a crucial role in men’s health, influencing everything from energy levels and mood to muscle mass, bone density and sexual function. Low testosterone, or hypogonadism, in men can often go unnoticed without an understanding of the symptoms and causes. Adam S. Baumgarten, M.D., assistant professor in the University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Urology, shares insights on the causes, symptoms and treatment options for low testosterone in men.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Low testosterone can result from a variety of underlying factors.

“Common causes include the natural aging process, obesity, chronic illness, genetic disorders and the use of certain medications,” Baumgarten said. “Diagnosing low testosterone involves assessing symptoms and confirming with a blood test measuring total testosterone.”

Low testosterone can affect mental health and energy levels, often causing fatigue, irritability, mood swings and even depression. Over time, low testosterone can contribute to a range of serious health problems.

“These may include reduced muscle mass, decreased bone density with a higher risk of fractures, increased chances of developing diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, infertility and depression,” Baumgarten said.

Lifestyle factors such as sleep apnea and substance abuse can contribute to decreased testosterone levels.

Several other medical conditions can mimic the symptoms of low testosterone, including depression, sleep apnea, hypothyroidism and anemia, among others. This is why a thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment and management

For many, low testosterone can be effectively managed and improved through targeted lifestyle changes and, when necessary, medical treatment.

“Lifestyle adjustments like improving sleep, reducing stress, losing weight and increasing physical activity can naturally boost testosterone, particularly in borderline or age-related cases,” Baumgarten said.

At UAB, men who require testosterone replacement therapy can access a full range of services through the Men’s Health Clinic, which offers various treatment options including injections, gels or creams, subcutaneous pellets, and oral medications.